**Figure 6.** Fig. 3 Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on cytokine release from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia. Microglia were subcultured for 24 h in 10% FBS-containing medium, which was replaced with serum-free medium before pretreatment with (a, c) ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and (b, d) levofloxacin (LVFX) (50 150 μg/ml) for 1 h followed by stimulation with 100 ng/ml LPS for 6 h. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for (a, b) IL-1β and (c, d) TNF-α release. Results are expressed as percentage of cytokine release relative to LPS-stimulated microglia (dark gray bars). Data are means ± SEM (n = at least four independent experiments). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0191 in a, b; p < 0.0001 in c, d) followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 versus LPS stimulation

Deskripsi

Cytokine release profiles from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia reveal dose-dependent reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6 following fluoroquinolone treatment.

More Figures from This Paper

Figure 4

Molecular docking analysis reveals two alternative binding conformations of ciprofloxacin within the TLR4-MD-2 complex binding pocket, suggesting direct physical interaction with the innate immune receptor.

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Figure 5

Cell viability assays demonstrate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin at the tested concentrations do not significantly reduce microglial survival, confirming that anti-inflammatory effects are not due to cytotoxicity.

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Figure 7

NF-kB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated microglia is attenuated by both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, as shown by immunofluorescence or reporter gene assays.

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Figure 8

LPS binding and TLR4 dimerization assays in Ba/F3 cells demonstrate that fluoroquinolones interfere with the initial receptor activation step of innate immune signaling.

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Figure 9

Proposed mechanistic model depicts how ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin target the TLR4-MD-2 complex to block LPS-induced downstream signaling cascades and cytokine production.

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Figure 6

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Source Paper

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.

Journal of neuroinflammation (2019)

PMID: 31319868

DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1538-9

Cite This Figure

![Figure 6: Cytokine release profiles from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia reveal dose-dependent reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6 following fluoroquinolone treatment.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/31319868/98.png)

> Source: Morena Zusso et al. "Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR." *Journal of neuroinflammation*, 2019. PMID: [31319868](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31319868/)

<figure>
  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/31319868/98.png" alt="Cytokine release profiles from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia reveal dose-dependent reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6 following fluoroquinolone treatment." />
  <figcaption>Figure 6. Cytokine release profiles from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia reveal dose-dependent reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6 following fluoroquinolone treatment.<br>  Source: Morena Zusso et al. "Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR." <em>Journal of neuroinflammation</em>, 2019. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31319868/">31319868</a></figcaption>
</figure>

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