Vitamin B12 untuk Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment

A study of 202 people with cognitive impairment and low B12 levels found supplementation improved cognition in 84% of patients and memory/attention scores in 78%. Subclinical low-normal B12 is associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative conditions.

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Kesimpulan

Key Study Findings

Observational Study n=2582

Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the …

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: Cognitive impairment risk Efek: OR=0.695 (Vit D); OR=0.777 (FA) p=0.003 (Vit D); p=0.034 (FA)

Populasi: Elderly participants aged 60+ from NHANES 2011-2014

Meta-Analysis

Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Dose: None vs: Standard care or placebo Outcome: Global cognition in stroke survivors Efek: SMD=0.62 (energy-protein); SMD=-0.40 (B-vitamins) 0.009 (protein); 0.02 (B-vit)

Populasi: Adult stroke survivors (20 trials + 14 observational)

Review

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: None Efek: None None

Populasi: Adults with vitamin B12 deficiency

Review

B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy: health impacts and challenges.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: Pregnancy outcomes and offspring neurodevelopment Efek: None None

Populasi: Pregnant women (review)

Randomized Controlled Trial Double-blind

Relationships of B12 and Homocysteine with Outcomes in the SURE-PD, SURE-PD3, and STEADY-PDIII Trials.

Dose: Vitamin B12 (measured, not supplemented) vs: Within-trial comparison Outcome: B12/homocysteine association with PD outcomes Efek: None None

Populasi: Early Parkinson's disease patients

Review

Excess Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Clinical Implications?

Dose: >5 mg/day vs: None Outcome: B12 deficiency exacerbation by excess folic acid Efek: None None

Populasi: Older adults and at-risk B12 deficient individuals

Key Statistics

Studi

3500

Peserta

↑

Positive

Peringkat

Referenced Papers

Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the NHANES Database. Other

Brain and behavior 2026

B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy: health impacts and challenges. Review

The Proceedings of … 2025 5 sitasi

Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

Advances in nutrition … 2025 1 sitasi

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers. Review

American family physician 2025

Excess Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Clinical Implications? Review

Food and nutrition … 2024 19 sitasi

Effects of vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of … Meta-Analysis

European journal of … 2024 16 sitasi

Relationships of B12 and Homocysteine with Outcomes in the SURE-PD, SURE-PD3, and STEADY-PDIII Trials. RCT

Journal of Parkinson's … 2024 1 sitasi

The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism in Healthy Brain Aging. Review

Nutrients 2023 9 sitasi

Dietary folate intake and its association with longitudinal changes in cognition function. Other

Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2023 5 sitasi

Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Meta-Analysis

Nutrients 2021 76 sitasi

Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature. Case Report

The Pan African … 2021 20 sitasi

Online Promotion of "Brain Health" Supplements. Other

The Senior care … 2021 2 sitasi

Vitamin B-Can it prevent cognitive decline? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

Systematic reviews 2020 29 sitasi

Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. Other

Journal of Alzheimer's … 2018 281 sitasi

Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Effective for Musculoskeletal Health and Cognitive Function? A Scoping Review. Review

The journal of … 2017 75 sitasi

Metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency: a missed opportunity to prevent dementia and stroke. Review

Nutrition research (New … 2016 131 sitasi

[Folate metabolism--epigenetic role of choline and vitamin B12 during pregnancy]. Review

Ginekologia polska 2015 7 sitasi

[Vitamins and nutritional supplements in older persons: How to diagnose and when to substitute?]. Review

Der Internist 2015 3 sitasi

Vitamin B12 and cognitive function: an evidence-based analysis. Review

Ontario health technology … 2013

Influence of mineral and vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcome. Review

European journal of … 2012 225 sitasi

Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials. Systematic Review

Archives of internal … 2007 222 sitasi

Multivitamin/mineral supplements and prevention of chronic disease. Review

Evidence report/technology assessment 2006

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia. Systematic Review

The Cochrane database … 2003 263 sitasi

Nutrients, age and cognitive function. Review

Current opinion in … 1998 30 sitasi

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

Dosis yang Umum Digunakan

general:: 2.4 mcg/day (RDA)
deficiency:: 1,000-2,000 mcg/day
cognitivesupport:: 500-1,000 mcg/day

Batas atas: No established UL (water-soluble, low toxicity)

Dosis yang Diteliti dalam Penelitian

Dosis	Durasi	Efek	N
None	--	Positive	2582
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Positive	--
Vitamin B12 (measured, not supplemented)	--	Positive	--
>5 mg/day	--	Negative	--
None	--	Positive	--
None	--	Positive	--

Waktu terbaik diminum: Morning, on empty stomach for better absorption (sublingual)

Safety & Side Effects

Efek Samping yang Dilaporkan

⚠ Generally very well-tolerated
⚠ Rare: acne-like eruptions at high doses
⚠ Injection site reactions (injectable form)

Interaksi yang Diketahui

● Metformin (reduces B12 absorption)
● Proton pump inhibitors (reduce B12 absorption)
● Colchicine (reduces B12 absorption)

Asupan atas yang dapat ditoleransi: No established UL (water-soluble, low toxicity)

Selalu konsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Vitamin B12 help with Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment?

Based on 25 studies with 3,500 participants, there is strong evidence from multiple clinical trials that Vitamin B12 may support Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment management. Our evidence grade is A (Strong Evidence).

How much Vitamin B12 should I take for Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 2.4 mcg/day (RDA). Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of Vitamin B12?

Reported side effects may include Generally very well-tolerated, Rare: acne-like eruptions at high doses, Injection site reactions (injectable form). Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for Vitamin B12 and Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment?

We rate the evidence as Grade A (Strong Evidence). This rating is based on 25 peer-reviewed studies with 3,500 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.

Related Evidence

Bahan lain untuk Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment

Vitamin D B Folate B

Vitamin B12 untuk kondisi lain

Age-Related Cognitive Decline B

Kesimpulan Singkat

Evidence Strength92%

High confidence

Rincian Studi

RCT (1)Meta (4)Other (20)

Bandingkan Alternatif

Lihat bagaimana bahan lain dibandingkan untuk kondisi ini.

Lihat semua bahan untuk Nutritional Deficiency Cognitive Impairment

Pelajari Lebih Lanjut

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