**Figure 1.** Figure 1. Structure of PKCa C2 domain bound to Ca2+-POPSPIP2 in a quaternary complex. The C2 molecule is shown in green. The three calcium ions are shown in yellow spheres, one of them bridging the protein with phosphatidylserine (PS) at the tip of the domain. The PIP2 molecule is bound to the b3-b4 chains [8]. PDB accession number 3GPE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069041.g001

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The crystal structure of the PKCα C2 domain bound to calcium, phosphatidylserine, and PIP2 in a quaternary complex is rendered, showing the spatial arrangement of lipid-binding sites.

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Figure 2

PKCα enzymatic activity is plotted as a function of calcium concentration, demonstrating how PIP2 reduces the calcium requirement for maximal kinase activation.

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Figure 3

The dependence of PKCα activity on phosphatidylserine (POPS) concentration in lipid vesicles reveals that PIP2 lowers the threshold of phosphatidylserine needed for enzyme activation.

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Figure 4

PKCα activity is shown as a function of diacylglycerol (DOG) molar percentage in lipid vesicles, illustrating the cofactor requirements for kinase activation.

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Figure 5

The relationship between PIP2 concentration and PKCα activity demonstrates that increasing PIP2 in lipid vesicles progressively enhances kinase activation efficiency.

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Figure 1

Diagram

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Source Paper

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate decreases the concentration of Ca2+, phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol required for protein kinase C α to reach maximum activity.

PloS one (2013)

PMID: 23874859

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069041

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![Figure 1: The crystal structure of the PKCα C2 domain bound to calcium, phosphatidylserine, and PIP2 in a quaternary complex is rendered, showing the spatial arrangement of lipid-binding sites.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/23874859/65.png)

> Source: Antonio L Egea-Jiménez et al. "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate decreases the concentration of Ca2+, phosp." *PloS one*, 2013. PMID: [23874859](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23874859/)

<figure>
  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/23874859/65.png" alt="The crystal structure of the PKCα C2 domain bound to calcium, phosphatidylserine, and PIP2 in a quaternary complex is rendered, showing the spatial arrangement of lipid-binding sites." />
  <figcaption>Figure 1. The crystal structure of the PKCα C2 domain bound to calcium, phosphatidylserine, and PIP2 in a quaternary complex is rendered, showing the spatial arrangement of lipid-binding sites.<br>  Source: Antonio L Egea-Jiménez et al. "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate decreases the concentration of Ca2+, phosp." <em>PloS one</em>, 2013. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23874859/">23874859</a></figcaption>
</figure>

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