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Neurobiological contributors to major depressive disorder onset and progression are illustrated, encompassing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation as interconnected pathological pathways.

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![Figure 1: Neurobiological contributors to major depressive disorder onset and progression are illustrated, encompassing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation as interconnected pathological pathways.]()

> Source: Ana Clara Figueiredo Godoy et al. "Neuroinflammation and Natural Antidepressants: Balancing Fire with Flora.." *Biomedicines*, 2025. PMID: [40426956](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40426956/)
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  <img src="" alt="Neurobiological contributors to major depressive disorder onset and progression are illustrated, encompassing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation as interconnected pathological pathways." />
  <figcaption>Figure 1. Neurobiological contributors to major depressive disorder onset and progression are illustrated, encompassing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation as interconnected pathological pathways.<br>  Source: Ana Clara Figueiredo Godoy et al. "Neuroinflammation and Natural Antidepressants: Balancing Fire with Flora.." <em>Biomedicines</em>, 2025. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40426956/">40426956</a></figcaption>
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