Folate 그림

3 동료 심사 연구의 그림

전체 Vitamin E Green Tea Extract (EGCG) Citicoline Folate Zinc Bacopa monnieri Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Creatine Resveratrol Vitamin D L-Theanine Vitamin B12 Ginkgo biloba Lutein & Zeaxanthin Melatonin Rhodiola rosea Panax Ginseng Phosphatidylserine Taurine Curcumin Uridine Monophosphate

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Fig. 1. Hypothetical ‘sufﬁcient causes’ for dementia that involve raised plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) as one of the single component causes. For example, B might be age, C hypercholesterolemia, D hypertension, E smoking, F ApoE4, G low physicalactivit

Figure 4 Diagram

A causal model illustrates how elevated plasma homocysteine may contribute to dementia through multiple pathways, interacting with other risk factors such as age, hypercholesterolemia, and genetic predisposition. No single factor is sufficient alone; rather, combinations of component causes drive disease.

Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement.

Figure 1. One-carbon metabolism. Abbreviations: PLP, plasma pyridoxal phosphate; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; FAD, ﬂavin adenine dinucleotide; FMN, ﬂavin mononucleotide. Adapted from [16].

Figure 5 Diagram

One-carbon metabolism pathways involving folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 are mapped, showing key enzymatic reactions catalyzed by MTHFR and the roles of FAD and FMN as cofactors in homocysteine recycling.

Causes, Consequences and Public Health Implications of Low B-Vitamin Status in Ageing.

Figure 1. Simpliﬁed cellular one-carbon (1C) metabolism. B-vitamins are pleiotropic molecules, as they are involved in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, methylation, and transsulfuration. In this review, we focus on the impact of increasing dietary levels

Figure 6 Diagram

Simplified overview of cellular one-carbon metabolism pathways, illustrating how B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B12, choline) participate in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, methylation, and transsulfuration reactions relevant to brain health.

The Role of One-Carbon Metabolism in Healthy Brain Aging.