Description
Manganese's dual role as both essential nutrient and potential toxin is explored through its effects on enzymatic systems. Superoxide dismutase, arginase, and glutamine synthetase all require manganese as a cofactor for normal function.
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Figure 6
Neurological consequences of chronic manganese exposure are summarized, including cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and emotional disturbances. The symptoms collectively termed manganism share clinical features with Parkinson's disease.
diagram
Figure 8
A comprehensive diagram maps the systemic effects of manganese dysregulation across multiple organ systems. Both deficiency and excess disrupt metabolic processes, with the nervous system being particularly vulnerable to manganese imbalance.
diagram
Figure 9
The U-shaped dose-response curve for manganese illustrates that both deficiency and excess are associated with adverse health outcomes. An optimal range exists where manganese fulfills its essential cofactor roles without triggering neurotoxic or systemic damage.
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Figure 10
A model of manganese transport imbalance depicts the interplay between uptake, distribution, and excretion mechanisms. Disruption of transporters such as SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 can lead to pathological manganese accumulation in target tissues.
diagram
Figure 11
Supplementary or concluding data on manganese homeostasis consequences are presented. The review emphasizes that maintaining manganese within a narrow physiological range is critical for preventing both deficiency-related enzyme dysfunction and toxicity-related neurodegeneration.
Figure 7
DiagramSource Paper
Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis.Cite This Figure
 > Source: Jacek Baj et al. "Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis.." *International journal of molecular sciences*, 2023. PMID: [37834407](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37834407/)
<figure> <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/37834407/187.png" alt="Manganese's dual role as both essential nutrient and potential toxin is explored through its effects on enzymatic systems. Superoxide dismutase, arginase, and glutamine synthetase all require manganese as a cofactor for normal function." /> <figcaption>Figure 7. Manganese's dual role as both essential nutrient and potential toxin is explored through its effects on enzymatic systems. Superoxide dismutase, arginase, and glutamine synthetase all require manganese as a cofactor for normal function.<br> Source: Jacek Baj et al. "Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis.." <em>International journal of molecular sciences</em>, 2023. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37834407/">37834407</a></figcaption> </figure>