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Semua Vitamin E Green Tea Extract (EGCG) Citicoline Folate Zinc Bacopa monnieri Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Creatine Resveratrol Vitamin D L-Theanine Vitamin B12 Ginkgo biloba Lutein & Zeaxanthin Melatonin Rhodiola rosea Panax Ginseng Phosphatidylserine Taurine Curcumin Uridine Monophosphate
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Fig. 2 Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in microglia cell viability. Microglia were cultured for 24 h in 10% serum-containing medium, which was replaced with serum-free medium before pre-treatment with (a, c, e) ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and (b, d, f)
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Cell viability assays demonstrate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin at the tested concentrations do not significantly reduce microglial survival, confirming that anti-inflammatory effects are not due to cytotoxicity.

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.

Fig. 3 Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on cytokine release from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia. Microglia were subcultured for 24 h in 10% FBS-containing medium, which was replaced with serum-free medium before pretreatment with (a, c) ciprof
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Cytokine release profiles from LPS-stimulated cortical microglia reveal dose-dependent reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6 following fluoroquinolone treatment.

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.

Fig. 4 Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on NF-κB activation in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated microglia. Cells were subcultured for 24 h in 10% serum-containing medium, which was replaced with serum-free medium before stimulation with ciprofloxa
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NF-kB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated microglia is attenuated by both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, as shown by immunofluorescence or reporter gene assays.

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.

Fig. 5 Effects of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin on LPS binding and LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization. Ba/F3 cells expressing TLR4-Flag (TLR4-F), TLR4-GFP (TLR4-G), MD2-Flag, and CD14 were pretreated with 500 μg/ml ciprofloxacin (CPFX) or levofloxacin (LVFX)
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LPS binding and TLR4 dimerization assays in Ba/F3 cells demonstrate that fluoroquinolones interfere with the initial receptor activation step of innate immune signaling.

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway.

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Lipid composition analyses comparing raft and non-raft fractions between control and Parkinson's disease frontal cortex samples show significant alterations in cholesterol and sphingolipid content.

Severe alterations in lipid composition of frontal cortex lipid rafts from Parkinson's …

Figure 4. (A) Comparative analyses of main lipid classes and fatty acid contents and relevant indices between control and PD frontal cortex gray matter. Results are expressed as percent of change versus NSL group. Eight cases were analyzed in each group.
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Comparative analyses of main lipid classes and fatty acid content between control and PD frontal cortex gray matter reveal disease-associated shifts in polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and raft lipid indices.

Severe alterations in lipid composition of frontal cortex lipid rafts from Parkinson's …

Figure 5. Expected global nutraceutical market by 2025 with China, India, Tibet and Nepal as global leaders for production and extraction of cordycepin [144].
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Global demand for Cordyceps-based nutraceuticals is concentrated in China, India, Tibet, and Nepal. This figure projects the expected nutraceutical market growth, with these regions positioned as global leaders in cordycepin production and extraction.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

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Vascular biomarkers and endothelial function parameters were measured to assess resveratrol's cardiovascular effects. This figure presents changes in vascular health indicators during the 14-week supplementation trial.

Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Cerebrovascular Function in Post-Menopausal …

Figure 2. Effects of resveratrol on individual cognitive tests and overcall cognitive performance. Pre-post intervention differences in cognitive performance were calculated for each group using Z-scores. Significant differences between resveratrol and pla
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Resveratrol supplementation was associated with changes in cognitive test performance in post-menopausal women. Pre-post intervention differences calculated using Z-scores revealed significant differences between resveratrol and placebo groups on individual cognitive domains and overall cognitive performance.

Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Cerebrovascular Function in Post-Menopausal …

Figure 3. Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was used to measure blood flow velocity in the MCA in order to calculate treatment changes after 14 weeks in CVR to hypercapn
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Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia was measured in the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Treatment changes in cerebrovascular reactivity after 14 weeks suggest resveratrol may enhance cerebral blood flow regulation in post-menopausal women.

Effects of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Cerebrovascular Function in Post-Menopausal …

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Efficacy outcomes showing changes in sleep parameters over the extended treatment period with pediatric prolonged-release melatonin in children with ASD. Long-term data indicate sustained improvements in sleep onset latency and total sleep time.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children …

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Safety assessment data from the open-label extension of PedPRM treatment in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder. Adverse event profiles suggest the prolonged-release melatonin formulation maintained an acceptable safety profile over the extended study period.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children …

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Summary of sleep quality measures or caregiver-reported outcomes during long-term PedPRM administration in children with ASD and comorbid insomnia. Results suggest continued therapeutic benefit with nightly melatonin use.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Insomnia in Children …

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Bone mineral density measurements at key skeletal sites are compared between resveratrol and placebo groups over the trial period. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, was hypothesized to act as a phytoestrogen with bone-protective properties.

Regular Supplementation With Resveratrol Improves Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A …

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Secondary outcomes or biomarker data from the resveratrol supplementation trial are displayed. The analysis examines whether improvements in bone mineral density correlate with changes in bone turnover markers or inflammatory mediators.

Regular Supplementation With Resveratrol Improves Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A …

Figure 3. The U-shaped curve for risk associated with Mn status in the body.
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The U-shaped dose-response curve for manganese illustrates that both deficiency and excess are associated with adverse health outcomes. An optimal range exists where manganese fulfills its essential cofactor roles without triggering neurotoxic or systemic damage.

Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis.

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Evidence from clinical studies evaluating Rhodiola rosea extract for the management of physical and mental fatigue is summarized, showing outcomes across multiple trials included in this systematic review.

Rhodiola rosea for physical and mental fatigue: a systematic review.

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Evidence supporting omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in elderly populations is summarized, highlighting the role of DHA and EPA in maintaining cognitive function and reducing age-related inflammatory processes.

The role for dietary omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in older adults.

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Bacopa monnieri's anti-amyloid and anti-tau activities in experimental models are quantified, suggesting potential disease-modifying effects beyond symptomatic cognitive improvement.

Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its …

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Pharmacokinetic profiles of bacoside absorption and brain distribution are plotted, informing optimal dosing strategies for Bacopa monnieri supplementation in neurodegenerative conditions.

Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its …

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Preclinical evidence for Bacopa monnieri's effects on memory and learning is summarized across animal models, showing improvements in spatial navigation and passive avoidance tasks.

Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its …

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Calcium imaging or electrophysiological recordings from cultured DRG neurons demonstrating CBD's dose-dependent effects on TRPV1-mediated capsaicin responses and downstream signaling pathways.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

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Calcium imaging or electrophysiological recordings from cultured DRG neurons demonstrating CBD's dose-dependent effects on TRPV1-mediated capsaicin responses and downstream signaling pathways.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

Figure 3 Reversal of CBD-mediated TRPV1 desensitization in DRG neurons. Capsaicin responses without any added drugs (A, bar 1), were similar to responses in the presence of 20 µMol/L forskolin (FSK) (A, bar 2). Capsaicin responses were significantly reduc
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CBD-mediated TRPV1 desensitization was reversed by forskolin (cAMP pathway activator) and cyclosporin (calcineurin inhibitor), indicating that cannabidiol's analgesic mechanism involves phosphatase-dependent receptor desensitization in DRG neurons.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

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