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Semua Vitamin E Green Tea Extract (EGCG) Citicoline Folate Zinc Bacopa monnieri Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Creatine Resveratrol Vitamin D L-Theanine Vitamin B12 Ginkgo biloba Lutein & Zeaxanthin Melatonin Rhodiola rosea Panax Ginseng Phosphatidylserine Taurine Curcumin Uridine Monophosphate
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Figure 6
Figure 6 Diagram

Bidirectional relationships between depression and metabolic disturbances are outlined, showing how each condition exacerbates the other through shared inflammatory and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic …

Fig. 5. Treatment option for major depressive disorders-Created with BioRender.com.
Figure 7 Diagram

Treatment options for major depressive disorders are presented, including pharmacological, psychological, and lifestyle interventions that address the inflammatory-metabolic axis.

A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic …

Fig. 6. A schematic representation of the factors affecting metabolic syndrome and the corresponding dietary and lifestyle changes for the alleviating the same.
Figure 8 Diagram

A schematic representation maps the factors contributing to metabolic syndrome alongside corresponding dietary and lifestyle modifications that may alleviate these conditions, integrating evidence on stress management and anti-inflammatory nutrition.

A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic …

Figure 1
Figure 1 Diagram

Major pharmacotherapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease are mapped, including amyloid-beta aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction as key intervention points.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 2
Figure 2 Diagram

The amyloid cascade hypothesis and its therapeutic targets are illustrated, showing how beta-secretase and gamma-secretase inhibitors, along with anti-amyloid antibodies, aim to reduce pathological plaque formation.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 3
Figure 3 Diagram

Tau protein pathology and potential therapeutic interventions are depicted, including kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy approaches targeting neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer's disease.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 4
Figure 4 Diagram

Neuroinflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease and anti-inflammatory therapeutic targets are outlined, showing microglial activation, cytokine cascades, and potential points of pharmacological intervention.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 5
Figure 5 Diagram

Traditional medicinal plants investigated for Alzheimer's management are catalogued with their bioactive compounds and proposed neuroprotective mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 6
Figure 6 Diagram

Cholinergic system dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and current cholinesterase inhibitor therapies are illustrated, showing how acetylcholine deficiency contributes to cognitive decline.

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional …

Figure 5
Figure 5 Chart

Calcium imaging or electrophysiological recordings from cultured DRG neurons demonstrating CBD's dose-dependent effects on TRPV1-mediated capsaicin responses and downstream signaling pathways.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

Figure 6
Figure 6 Chart

Calcium imaging or electrophysiological recordings from cultured DRG neurons demonstrating CBD's dose-dependent effects on TRPV1-mediated capsaicin responses and downstream signaling pathways.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

Figure 3 Reversal of CBD-mediated TRPV1 desensitization in DRG neurons. Capsaicin responses without any added drugs (A, bar 1), were similar to responses in the presence of 20 µMol/L forskolin (FSK) (A, bar 2). Capsaicin responses were significantly reduc
Figure 7 Chart

CBD-mediated TRPV1 desensitization was reversed by forskolin (cAMP pathway activator) and cyclosporin (calcineurin inhibitor), indicating that cannabidiol's analgesic mechanism involves phosphatase-dependent receptor desensitization in DRG neurons.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

Figure 4 Forskolin-stimulated cAMP is inhibited by CBD. cAMP levels in the presence of vehicle (bar 1), were significantly increased by 1 µMol/L FSK (**P=0.0079, n=5), but similar to those in the presence of 1 µMol/L CBD (bar 3, n.s). Forskolin-stimulated
Figure 8 Chart

Forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were significantly inhibited by CBD co-treatment in DRG neurons, suggesting cannabidiol modulates the cAMP-PKA signaling axis downstream of TRPV1 activation.

CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Diagram

Molecular mechanisms by which red grape polyphenols exert antidiabetic effects are illustrated, including modulation of insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and oxidative stress pathways.

Role of red grape polyphenols as antidiabetic agents.

Figure 3
Figure 3

Preclinical and clinical evidence for red grape polyphenol interventions in diabetes management is reviewed, highlighting effects on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and diabetic complications.

Role of red grape polyphenols as antidiabetic agents.

Fig. 1. Major inflammatory pathways associated with neurological disorders and potential of curcumin in restoring these deregulated pathways have been shown.
Figure 4 Diagram

Major inflammatory pathways associated with neurological disorders and curcumin's potential to restore deregulated signaling are depicted. NF-kB, Nrf2, and inflammasome pathways are central to curcumin's neuroprotective mechanism.

Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked?

Fig. 2. Illustrates the curcumin activity against various NDs.
Figure 5 Diagram

Curcumin activity against various neurodegenerative diseases is illustrated, spanning Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Distinct molecular targets are engaged in each condition.

Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked?

Fig. 3. Neuropathological features associated with commonly occurring NDs and their outcomes.
Figure 6 Diagram

Neuropathological features associated with commonly occurring neurodegenerative diseases and their clinical outcomes are depicted. Protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress represent shared pathological hallmarks.

Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked?

Figure 3
Figure 3

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Figure 4
Figure 4

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Figure 4 Diagram of the mechanism of GB on independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in the blood can be utilized as a predictor of early atherosclerosis. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is derived from digested and ab
Figure 5

Figure 4 Diagram of the mechanism of GB on independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in the blood can be utilized as a predictor of early atherosclerosis. …

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Figure 1
Figure 1

Effects of α-lipoic acid on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through …

Figure 2
Figure 2

Effects of α-lipoic acid on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through …

Figure 3
Figure 3

Effects of α-lipoic acid on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through …

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