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Curcumin exerts broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effects predominantly via modulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway [70]. By inhibiting NF-κB activation, curcumin suppresses the transcription of pivotal pro-inflammatory mediators
Figure 2. Curcumin exerts broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effects predominantly via modulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway [70]. By inhibiting NF-κB activation, curcumin suppresses the transcription of pivotal pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), COX-2, and iNOS. This downregulation reduces the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins, culminating in attenuation of both systemic and central nervous system inflammation. Consequently, curcumin is regarded as a promising adjunct therapeutic agent in inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders (Figure 2).

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Curcumin's anti-inflammatory mechanisms operate primarily through modulation of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The diagram illustrates how curcumin suppresses neuroinflammatory cascades implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke cognitive impairment.

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![Figure 2: Curcumin's anti-inflammatory mechanisms operate primarily through modulation of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The diagram illustrates how curcumin suppresses neuroinflammatory cascades implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke cognitive impairment.](https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/40944272/226.png)

> Source: Andrea Lehoczki et al. "The Neuroprotective Role of Curcumin: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Transl." *Nutrients*, 2025. PMID: [40944272](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40944272/)
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  <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/40944272/226.png" alt="Curcumin's anti-inflammatory mechanisms operate primarily through modulation of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The diagram illustrates how curcumin suppresses neuroinflammatory cascades implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke cognitive impairment." />
  <figcaption>Figure 2. Curcumin's anti-inflammatory mechanisms operate primarily through modulation of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. The diagram illustrates how curcumin suppresses neuroinflammatory cascades implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and post-stroke cognitive impairment.<br>  Source: Andrea Lehoczki et al. "The Neuroprotective Role of Curcumin: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Transl." <em>Nutrients</em>, 2025. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40944272/">40944272</a></figcaption>
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