Ginkgo biloba 用于 Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Q: Does Ginkgo biloba help with Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

Based on 40 studies with 8,000 participants, there is limited but promising evidence that Ginkgo biloba may support Age-Related Cognitive Decline management. Our evidence grade is C (Some Evidence).

Q: How much Ginkgo biloba should I take for Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 120-240 mg/day standardized to 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Q: Are there side effects of Ginkgo biloba?

Reported side effects may include Headache, Gastrointestinal upset, Dizziness, Allergic skin reactions (rare). Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

Q: How strong is the evidence for Ginkgo biloba and Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

We rate the evidence as Grade C (Some Evidence). This rating is based on 40 peer-reviewed studies with 8,000 total participants. The overall direction of effect is mixed.

The most studied herbal cognitive supplement. The large GEM trial (3,069 participants) found no evidence for dementia prevention in healthy elderly. However, EGb 761 standardized extract shows modest benefits in existing cognitive impairment.

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结论

Key Study Findings

Review

EGb761 Trials for Mild-to-Moderate Dementia-What Have We Learned in the Past 18 years?

Dose: None vs: placebo Outcome: cognitive assessment scores (MMSE, SKT, NPI) 效果: None None

研究人群: patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease or vascular dementia

Review

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Prevention, treatments, mechanisms and management options for the future.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: None 效果: None None

研究人群: patients with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Review

The Use of Natural Products for Preventing Cognitive Decline/Providing Neuroprotection.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: None 效果: None None

研究人群: Review of natural products for neuroprotection

Review

Can supplementation with antioxidants improve cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis? A literature review.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis 效果: None None

研究人群: Multiple sclerosis patients (review)

Review

Nutritional strategies against dementia in rural populations.

Dose: None vs: None Outcome: None 效果: None None

研究人群: Rural populations with dementia risk

Cohort Study n=64 52 weeks Open-label

Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract in amyloid PET-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Dose: 240 mg/day vs: Standard cognitive enhancers Outcome: Cognitive responder rate and AD conversion 效果: 100% vs 59.1% responders; 0% vs 13.6% AD conversio <0.001 (responders); 0.037 (AD

研究人群: Amyloid PET-positive MCI patients

Key Statistics

研究数量

8000

受试者

↔

Mixed

等级

Referenced Papers

EGb761 Trials for Mild-to-Moderate Dementia-What Have We Learned in the Past 18 years? Review

American journal of … None 1 次引用

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Prevention, treatments, mechanisms and management options for the future. Review

Neuropsychopharmacology : official … 2026 1 次引用

Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in the protection of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 against cognitive impairment. Other

Journal of ethnopharmacology 2025 5 次引用

Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract in amyloid PET-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment. Other

Frontiers in neurology 2025 4 次引用

Can supplementation with antioxidants improve cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis? A literature review. Review

Annals of medicine … 2025 3 次引用

The Use of Natural Products for Preventing Cognitive Decline/Providing Neuroprotection. Review

Handbook of experimental … 2025 1 次引用

Nutritional strategies against dementia in rural populations. Review

Frontiers in nutrition 2025

Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants. Review

Degenerative neurological and … 2024 66 次引用

Pharmacodynamic and Clinical Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761 and Its Phytochemical Components in Alzheimer's Disease. Review

Journal of Alzheimer's … 2024 12 次引用

Comprehensive Insights into Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Herbal Approaches for Mitigating Neurodegeneration. Review

Current Alzheimer research 2024 10 次引用

Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study Shows Safety and Therapeutic Benefits of a Defined Ginkgo Biloba Extract for Adults with Major Neurocognitive … Other

Dementia and geriatric … 2024 6 次引用

Comparative study of choline alfoscerate as a combination therapy with donepezil: A mixed double-blind randomized controlled and open-label observation trial. RCT

Medicine 2024 3 次引用

A mixture of extracts from natural ingredients reduces the neurotoxic polarization of microglia via modulating NF-κB/NF-E2-related factor 2 activation. Other

Food science & … 2024 3 次引用

Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Review

Biology 2023 37 次引用

A randomized, open-label clinical trial in mild cognitive impairment with EGb 761 examining blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. RCT

Scientific reports 2023 30 次引用

A systematic review of the safety and efficacy on cognitive function of herbal and nutritional medicines in older adults with … Systematic Review

Systematic reviews 2023 10 次引用

Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Review

Biomolecules 2021 161 次引用

The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review. Review

Journal of clinical … 2021 38 次引用

Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761®). Review

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 2021 33 次引用

The Effect of Polyphenols on Working and Episodic Memory in Non-pathological and Pathological Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Systematic Review

Frontiers in nutrition 2021 26 次引用

Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Optimizing Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Systematic Review

Journal of alternative … 2021 13 次引用

Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Ginkgo biloba Standardized Extract (EGb761®) in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Other

CNS & neurological … 2021 12 次引用

[Pharmacological prevention of cognitive decline and dementia]. Review

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 2020 4 次引用

Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence. Review

Oxidative medicine and … 2019 102 次引用

Combining a high DHA multi-nutrient supplement with aerobic exercise: Protocol for a randomised controlled study assessing mobility and cognitive function … Other

Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and … 2019 5 次引用

Over-the-Counter Supplement Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review. Systematic Review

Annals of internal … 2018 119 次引用

Nutritional prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Review

Acta bio-medica : … 2018 103 次引用

Botanicals and phytochemicals active on cognitive decline: The clinical evidence. Review

Pharmacological research 2018 67 次引用

Forestalling the Epidemics of Parkinson's Disease Through Plant-Based Remedies. Review

Frontiers in nutrition 2018 18 次引用

Diabetes and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. RCT

The journals of … 2017 97 次引用

Memory Complaints and Cognitive Decline: Data from the GUIDAGE Study1. RCT

Journal of Alzheimer's … 2017 17 次引用

An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Ginkgo biloba Extracts for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Review

Frontiers in aging … 2016 72 次引用

DHA Supplementation Alone or in Combination with Other Nutrients Does not Modulate Cerebral Hemodynamics or Cognitive Function in Healthy Older … RCT

Nutrients 2016 53 次引用

Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. RCT

Journal of the … 2016 16 次引用

Drug and Exercise Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effects on Cognition … Meta-Analysis

The American journal … 2015 204 次引用

Individually modifiable risk factors to ameliorate cognitive aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-Analysis

Climacteric : the … 2015 92 次引用

The use of Ginkgo biloba in healthy elderly. Other

Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 2014

Ginkgo biloba extracts: a review of the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients. Review

Clinical pharmacokinetics 2013 220 次引用

Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence. Review

CNS drugs 2013 138 次引用

Ginkgo biloba extract and long-term cognitive decline: a 20-year follow-up population-based study. Other

PloS one 2013 73 次引用

Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in the context of current developments in the diagnosis and treatment of age-related cognitive decline … Review

International psychogeriatrics 2012 29 次引用

Treatment of Alzheimer disease. Other

American family physician 2011

Supplementing cognitive aging: a selective review of the effects of ginkgo biloba and a number of everyday nutritional substances. Review

Experimental aging research 2010 21 次引用

Ginkgo biloba and cognitive decline. Other

JAMA 2010 3 次引用

Normal cognitive decline or dementia? Other

The Practitioner 2010

Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. RCT

JAMA 2009 304 次引用

Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Meta-Analysis

The Cochrane database … 2009 299 次引用

Dementia prevention: methodological explanations for inconsistent results. Review

Epidemiologic reviews 2008 172 次引用

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba for the prevention of cognitive decline. RCT

Neurology 2008 147 次引用

Improvement of short-term memory performance in aged beagles by a nutraceutical supplement containing phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, and pyridoxine. Other

The Canadian veterinary … 2008

Herbal drug treatment. Review

Neuro endocrinology letters 2008

Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Meta-Analysis

The Cochrane database … 2007 375 次引用

Antioxidant strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Review

The Proceedings of … 2002 191 次引用

Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Meta-Analysis

The Cochrane database … 2002

A review of nutrients and botanicals in the integrative management of cognitive dysfunction. Review

Alternative medicine review … 1999 112 次引用

Nutrients, age and cognitive function. Review

Current opinion in … 1998 30 次引用

Ginkgo biloba extract and cognitive decline. Other

British journal of … 1993 8 次引用

Dosage & Usage

mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units

常用剂量

general:: 120-240 mg/day standardized to 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones

上限： 600 mg/day (doses above show no additional benefit)

研究中使用的剂量

剂量	持续时间	效果	N
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Mixed	--
None	--	Mixed	--
240 mg/day	52 weeks	Positive	64
None	--	Positive	--
None	--	Neutral	--

最佳服用时间： With meals; may require 4-6 weeks for full effects

Safety & Side Effects

已报告的副作用

⚠ Headache
⚠ Gastrointestinal upset
⚠ Dizziness
⚠ Allergic skin reactions (rare)
⚠ Increased bleeding risk

已知相互作用

● Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (increased bleeding risk)
● Anticonvulsants (may reduce seizure threshold)
● SSRIs (serotonin syndrome risk, rare)
● CYP3A4 substrates (may affect drug metabolism)

可耐受最高摄入量： 600 mg/day (doses above show no additional benefit)

在开始服用任何补充剂之前，请务必咨询您的医疗保健提供者。

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Ginkgo biloba help with Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

Based on 40 studies with 8,000 participants, there is limited but promising evidence that Ginkgo biloba may support Age-Related Cognitive Decline management. Our evidence grade is C (Some Evidence).

How much Ginkgo biloba should I take for Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 120-240 mg/day standardized to 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Are there side effects of Ginkgo biloba?

Reported side effects may include Headache, Gastrointestinal upset, Dizziness, Allergic skin reactions (rare). Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.

How strong is the evidence for Ginkgo biloba and Age-Related Cognitive Decline?

We rate the evidence as Grade C (Some Evidence). This rating is based on 40 peer-reviewed studies with 8,000 total participants. The overall direction of effect is mixed.